Feline panleukopenia, commonly known as FP, is a highly contagious viral illness that affects cats.

What causes FP? 

FP is caused by the feline parvovirus, a specific virus that affects cats and is closely related to the one that causes canine parvovirus in dogs.

Susceptible Cats: Virtually all cats and kittens may encounter the virus in their lifetime, but the disease primarily impacts young kittens, unvaccinated cats, and those with underlying health issues. It is most frequently observed in cats aged 3 to 5 months.

Transmission:

Cats infected with FP can shed the virus in their urine, stool, and nasal secretions. Infection occurs when susceptible cats come into contact with these secretions or contaminated surfaces. The virus can survive in the environment for a prolonged period, facilitating indirect transmission through contaminated objects, bedding, cages, or even via human contact.

Symptoms: The virus targets rapidly dividing cells, leading to symptoms like

1. Depression
2. Loss of appetite
3. High fever
4. Lethargy
5. Vomiting
6. Severe diarrhea
7. Nasal discharge
8. Dehydration.

It can also affect the bone marrow, resulting in a decrease in white blood cells (panleukopenia) and red blood cells (anemia). In young kittens, it can harm the brain and eyes.

Diagnosis:

A suspected case of FP is typically based on a history of exposure to an infected cat, a lack of vaccination, and visible signs of illness. Blood tests may reveal a significant decrease in various white blood cell types, further indicating the disease.

Treatment:

There is no specific antiviral medication for FP. Treatment mainly focuses on providing supportive care to alleviate symptoms, correct dehydration, supply essential nutrients, and prevent secondary infections. Antibiotics might be necessary to treat bacterial infections arising from the weakened immune system. Survival chances improve if the cat can endure the initial five days of illness.

Isolation: Infected cats should be rigorously isolated from other cats to prevent the spread of the virus. Cats that may have come into contact with the infected cat or contaminated items should be closely monitored for any signs of illness.

Prevention:

The most effective way to prevent FP is through vaccination. Kittens are typically vaccinated starting at around 6 to 8 weeks of age, with follow-up vaccines until they reach approximately 16 weeks of age. Adult vaccination schedules can vary depending on the cat’s age, health status, and the risk of FP in the local area. It’s advisable to consult with your veterinarian for guidance on a suitable vaccination schedule for your cats.

In summary, feline panleukopenia is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. However, it can be effectively prevented through vaccination and managed with prompt and supportive care if a cat becomes infected.